Toll-like Receptors

Toll-like receptors, often abbreviated TLRs, are found on the surface of phagocytic cells of vertebrates and invertebrates and are critical to the innate immune system. The Toll-like receptors recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide, or CpG DNA, and initiate an intracellular kinase cascade, inducing an immediate defensive response. The receptors are multi-domain structures consisting of an extracellular ectodomain, a transmembrane domain and a intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. The extracellular domains contain leucine-rich repeats.

Articles in Proteopedia concerning Toll-like Receptors include:
 * Leucine-rich repeat
 * Membrane proteins

To view automatically seeded indices concerning Toll-like Receptors, see:
 * Toll pathway
 * Toll-like receptor
 * Toll-like receptor 10
 * Toll
 * Toll like receptor adaptor domain
 * TLR

Additional 3D Structures of Toll-like Receptors
1ziw - Human Toll-like Receptor 3 extracellular domain structure 2a0z - Human toll-like receptor 3 ligand binding domain 3cig - Crystal structure of mouse TLR3 ectodomain

External Resources

 * TOLLML Database: database of toll-like receptor structural motifs